Reproduction of Viruses
The structure of viruses allows them to succeed in their main
mission—reproduction.
Lytic Cycle
Once attached to a host cell, a virus injects its nucleic
acid into the cell. The nucleic acid takes over the normal operation of the
host cell and produces multiple copies of the virus’s protein coat and
nucleic acid. Once produced, the protein coats and the nucleic acids are
assembled into new viruses. As the host cell fills with newly assembled
viruses, it bursts, just like a balloon with too much air. The host cell then
dies, and the released viruses begin searching for the next host cell. This
type of viral reproduction is called a lytic (LIT ihk) cycle. The steps of a
lytic cycle for a bacteriophage are illustrated in Figure.
Lysogenic Cycle
Some viruses, such as herpes and HIV, enter the
host cell but remain hidden for years. Even though the viral nucleic acid
becomes part of the host cell’s chromosome, it does not seem to affect
the functions of the cell. At some point, however, the viral nucleic acid
becomes active. It separates itself from the host cell’s genetic material,
takes over the functions of the cell to produce new viruses, and destroys
the host cell as the new viruses are released. This type of viral
reproduction is called a lysogenic (li suh JE nihk) cycle. The steps of a
lysogenic cycle are also shown in Figure.
No comments:
Post a Comment